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Green Sand: Green sand is also called as foundry sand or molding sand.
This is utilized for sand casting. When this sand is oiled or moistened, it has
a tendency to pack well and retain the shape. Green sand is a mix of pulverized
coal, water, bentonite clay and sand. Out of these four components, the biggest
part is that of the sand.  There are
several proportions of these four components. The different ratios are used to
adjust the surface finish, moldability and capacity of the hot molten metal to
degas. The prime use of this sand is in the metal casting. The coal is usually
called as sea coal in foundries. The amount of sea coal is less than 5 percent.
It undergoes partial combustion when there is molten metal present and this
causes offgassing of organic vapors.

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Iron castings can be referred to as products made out of
melted iron molecules. These molecules are, first, poured into mold and allowed
to cool. They are then extracted. The casting properties depend a great deal on
the foundry practice. They also depend on the cooling rate. Iron contains huge
carbon concentrations. This content facilitates melting, simplicity of casting,
and machining. Iron casting designs have a great variation owing to the
property of iron to resist shrinkage during the process of cooling. The end
product attains a great reputation for its strength and durability. Tensile
strength ranges between 20,000 psi and over 60,000 psi. The values of hardness
(without heat treatment) range between 100 and 300 BHN.

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